
February 2026
Global Equities –
The trend of non-US equity markets outperforming the US continued in February, as investors questioned the business models of software-as-a-service (SaaS) companies in the face of continued AI disruption.
However, by the end of the month, a US- and Israeli-led strike on Iran, and its retaliation, took centre stage, with the wider region affected by this conflict. These strikes across the Gulf have forced airport closures, closed the Strait of Hormuz and driven gyrations through financial markets in the first days of March. The market’s immediate, knee-jerk reaction was a flight to safe-haven and energy assets. Looking ahead, market sentiment will depend on whether this is a contained disruption or the start of a more prolonged conflict.
However, markets were mostly closed on 28 February when tensions flared, so the market reaction will be mostly felt in March. Nevertheless, speculation about action in Iran was mounting throughout the month, and despite this heightened risk, European and Japanese equities posted strong gains in February – the STOXX 600 rose 3.9% and Japan’s Topix gained 10.5%.
🟢 Investor note:
Despite rising geopolitical tensions, global markets remained resilient through February. The outperformance of European and Japanese equities suggests investors are increasingly diversifying away from US concentration risk. However, the escalation in the Middle East could drive near-term volatility in energy prices and global markets, making diversification and risk management increasingly important.
Europe –
US equity returns were mixed last month. The market capitalisation S&P 500 Index – where larger companies have a bigger influence on returns– fell 0.8%. The Equal Weighted S&P 500 Index – where each company counts the same regardless of size – rose 3.5% in February. The Magnificent Seven dragged the index down, as these behemoths fell 7.3% in February. The Nasdaq dropped 3.3% in February amid ongoing volatility due to concerns about the impact of AI on specific industries.
By contrast, performance outside the US was notably stronger. Europe’s STOXX 600 posted its eighth consecutive monthly gain for the first time since 2013, rising nearly 4% to bring its year-to-date returns to 7.3%. Japan’s Topix meanwhile surged over 10% after Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi secured a landslide victory in her snap election in early February. In the UK, the MSCI UK rose 7.3% in February, buoyed by its international exposure.
Earnings season was broadly strong, though software companies saw renewed volatility after investors questioned whether AI could disrupt traditional SaaS models. The S&P 500 Software Industry Index fell a further 9% in February after dropping 13% in January.
The market environment has now shifted from favouring AI leaders towards identifying companies whose business models are most likely to be threatened by the fast-developing technology. While underlying earnings for these businesses continue to be solid, investors are less confident about these companies’ future prospects.
🔴 Investor note:
Market leadership is broadening beyond large US technology companies. Investors are reassessing which sectors benefit from AI and which may face disruption, leading to increased volatility in software and growth sectors. This environment may favour more diversified portfolios and opportunities in regions and sectors that have been underrepresented in recent years.
United States –
On 20 February, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that sweeping tariffs imposed by President Donald Trump on key trading partners did not comply with federal law. The 6–3 decision dealt a significant setback to the administration’s economic strategy and introduced new uncertainty around existing trade arrangements. It also raised the possibility that the United States government could ultimately be required to reimburse businesses for billions of dollars in tariff payments, despite many firms having already passed those costs on to consumers.
Markets have welcomed the ruling so far, viewing it as a constraint on the administration’s ability to use tariffs as a negotiating lever. While a replacement tariff framework, beginning at 10% and potentially rising to 15%, was enacted under a little-tested provision allowing the president to impose broad tariffs for up to 150 days without congressional approval, the days of ratcheting tariffs appear to be over.
🟢Investor note:
The ruling reduces the likelihood of an aggressive escalation in US trade tariffs, which markets generally view as positive for global trade and corporate earnings. However, policy uncertainty remains, and investors should expect continued political influence on markets as the administration explores alternative trade measures.
United Kingdom –
The Bank of England (BoE) voted to keep rates steady at its 4 February meeting in a close 5–4 vote, with the four dissenting Monetary Policy Committee members voting to reduce rates by 0.25%. The central bank forecasts CPI inflation will fall to 2% later this spring, while lowering its economic growth forecasts and increasing its unemployment predictions. This will likely lead to the central bank lowering interest rates further later this spring.4
The European Central Bank (ECB) kept interest rates unchanged and maintained its assessment that inflation should hover around 2%. The bloc’s economy remains resilient, as low unemployment, solid private sector balance sheets, and the gradual rollout of public spending on defence and infrastructure are supporting growth. However, the bank warned that the outlook remains uncertain, owing to ongoing global trade policy uncertainty and geopolitical tensions.
February underscored a market environment of positive returns, amid a rotation and repricing. Leadership continued to shift away from US technology companies towards non-US markets, as AI disruption and policy uncertainty created volatility beneath the surface. At the same time, political developments – from US trade rulings to Japan’s electoral outcome – reinforced that domestic policy dynamics remain an important driver of regional performance differentials.
While geopolitical tensions in the Middle East have introduced a new layer of uncertainty heading into March, markets enter this period from a position of relative strength. Corporate earnings have been solid, and central banks are eyeing modest policy easing, with growth and inflation dynamics warranting close attention.
Looking ahead, volatility may remain elevated as investors assess the durability of the Iran conflict and the evolving political landscape. Market leadership is broadening, and policy risks are being recalibrated rather than escalating. While geopolitical events can be unsettling, periods of uncertainty are likely to generate selective opportunities.
🟠 Investor note:
With inflation expected to fall and central banks potentially beginning rate cuts later this year, the macroeconomic backdrop could become more supportive for risk assets. However, slowing growth forecasts and geopolitical risks suggest investors should remain selective and focused on quality companies with resilient earnings.
Asia –
On 8 February, Japanese voters handed Prime Minister Takaichi and the long-ruling Liberal Democratic Party a supermajority of two-thirds of the seats in the 465-member lower house of Parliament – the first political party to achieve this in a post-war era. It was a historic moment in a country where prime ministers typically govern with narrow margins and make compromises to their agenda to appease coalition factions.
The victory will give Takaichi room to push forward with her agenda, which includes a tougher stance on immigration, a review of rules around foreign ownership of Japanese land, and spending more while cutting taxes to revive the economy. She may also now have the political leverage to revise Japan’s Constitution to loosen constraints on its military, clearing the way for higher spending and expanded operations beyond Japan’s shores. She will have to tread carefully, in case her expansionist policies prove inflationary. Equities soared on the news, with Japan’s Topix rising 10.5% in February, bringing its returns to 14.4% so far this year. The yen rallied on the back of her victory before ending the month at close to unchanged levels. Japanese government bonds rallied sharply, with 30-year yields declining to 3.3%, the lowest for the year.
🟢Investor note:
Japan’s strong equity performance reflects renewed investor confidence in political stability and potential pro-growth reforms. Structural changes, fiscal stimulus and improved corporate governance continue to support the long-term investment case for Japanese equities.
Summary for Investors –
February highlighted a shifting market landscape. Leadership is broadening beyond US mega-cap technology companies, with European and Japanese equities delivering strong returns. At the same time, investors are reassessing which industries are most likely to benefit from – or be disrupted by – rapid advances in artificial intelligence.
Geopolitical tensions in the Middle East have introduced new uncertainty heading into March, particularly given the potential impact on energy markets and global trade routes. However, markets entered this period from a position of relative strength, supported by resilient corporate earnings and the prospect of gradual monetary easing from major central banks later in the year.
For investors, the environment reinforces the importance of diversification across regions, sectors and asset classes. While volatility may remain elevated in the near term, shifting market leadership and evolving policy dynamics could create selective opportunities for long-term investors who remain disciplined and globally diversified.
December 2025
Global Equities –
Global equities closed the year on uneven footing amid elevated technology valuations, mixed central bank messaging and diverging regional growth prospects. Equity performance in December was varied as investors took stock of strong performance during a volatile year. The Federal Reserve (Fed) and the Bank of England (BoE) delivered additional rate cuts amid moderating – though still elevated – inflation and signs of softer labour markets, while the Bank of Japan (BoJ) tightened policy as persistent above-target inflation and currency weakness forced a recalibration. Precious metals reported huge gains in 2025, with silver rising nearly 150% over the year. US government bonds also posted solid performance, with Treasuries rising 6.2% in 2025.
🟢 Investor note:
The late-cycle policy divergence across regions reinforces the importance of diversification. Strong gains in precious metals and government bonds highlight the value of defensive and inflation-hedging assets alongside equities, particularly given elevated valuations in select growth sectors.
Europe –
While enthusiasm around AI remains robust, market performance broadened out as investors continue to recalibrate portfolios to areas outside of the largest technology names. The latter faced pressure mid-month, with the Nasdaq finishing the month down 0.5%, while the market-cap weighted S&P 500 was close to flat. For the full year, the Nasdaq rose 21.2% and the S&P 500 gained 17.9%. While these are impressive returns, non-US markets stood out against US counterparts in 2025, as a 9.4% decline in the dollar index weighed on portfolios for non-US investors.
European equities benefited from ongoing optimism over economic support, policies and stimulus, which has drawn increased focus to less highly valued European companies. The STOXX 600 gained 2.8% in December, taking its annual return to 20.7%. UK equities also had strong performance, with the MSCI UK rising 2.2% in December and 25.8% in 2025. In Asia, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index fell 0.6% in December, bringing its annual return to 32.5%, while the Shanghai Composite gained 2.3% in December and rose 21.7% in 2025, driven by strong technology, banking and AI-related sectors. In Japan, a positive December for the Topix brought its year-to-date returns to 25.5%, as equities benefited from ongoing corporate reforms and stimulus expectations.
The European Central Bank (ECB) changed its tone, as an improving economic outlook on the continent shifted expectations from gradual easing to rates being held steady, to a potential rate hike in late 2026. European bonds sold off as a result with 10-year German bunds rising by 0.5% to 2.9%.
🔴 Investor note:
Europe’s equity outperformance reflects a combination of attractive valuations, supportive policy expectations and currency effects. However, the ECB’s more hawkish shift increases interest-rate risk for bonds, suggesting a preference for shorter duration and selective equity exposure over broad fixed income.
United States –
On 10 December, the Fed cut rates for the third time this year, despite having an incomplete picture of the labour market owing to the US government shutdown. At the final meeting of the year, the Fed cut rates by 0.25%, the third consecutive cut of the year, to bring rates to 3.75%. Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) members were more unified in reaching this decision than markets had anticipated – the vote was 9-3 for a 0.25% cut. Of the three dissenters, Stephen Miran, President Donald Trump’s recent appointee, voted for a 0.50% cut as expected, and two other members voted for no cuts.
While the Fed highlighted its focus on its maximum employment mandate, inflation was still mentioned as an important factor for the central bank, with officials noting that the recent overshoot around 3% was driven by tariff-induced price pressures. The socalled dot plots, which show Fed members’ projections for future rate cuts, indicate only one 0.25% cut in both 2026 and 2027. Some economists believe this December cut will be the last of Chairman Jerome Powell’s tenure, which ends in May, although ongoing labour market weakness could prompt the Fed to act in the next few months. Two-year and 10-year Treasury yields ended the year at 3.5% and 4.2%, representing a decline of 0.8% and 0.4%, respectively.
🟢Investor note:
The Fed’s cautious forward guidance suggests a higher-for-longer policy backdrop than markets previously expected. US equities may face valuation headwinds, while high-quality bonds remain attractive as yields have peaked and recession risks persist.
United Kingdom –
On 18 December, the BoE lowered interest rates by 0.25% to 3.75% in a 5-4 vote, with Governor Andrew Bailey casting the deciding vote. Inflation has eased more rapidly than initially expected to 3.2%, although underlying pressures remain elevated, which means the BoE faces difficult trade-offs as it calibrates future moves. However, inflation drifting down has reinforced the BoE’s view that it is on track for a gradual return to its 2% target.
Looking ahead to next year, it seems likely that inflation will continue its downward trajectory, particularly after the British government’s latest November budget, which included caps to fuel duty, cuts to energy prices and freezing rail fares, all of which should help reduce inflation in 2026.
Meanwhile, the UK unemployment figures show a weakening labour market. The unemployment rate rose to 5.1% for the three months to October, higher than the previous three-month period, according to the Office for National Statistics. The number of people in the UK who are out of work is now at the highest level since January 2021, just below the pandemic peak.1 Ten-year gilt yields finished the year at 4.5% and were little changed over 2025.
🟠 Investor note:
The UK presents a mixed picture: easing inflation and rate cuts are supportive for risk assets, but labour market deterioration and fiscal constraints temper the outlook. UK equities remain attractive on valuation grounds, while gilt returns may stay range-bound.
Asia –
Japan is on a different trajectory. Inflation has hovered near 3% in recent months and exceeded the central bank’s target for over three years. The combination of rising borrowing costs and a weak currency has intensified pressures. In response, on 19 December, the BoJ lifted interest rates to 0.75%, a level not seen in three decades. There are ongoing worries that Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi’s fiscal stance and higher government borrowing will keep pressuring the yen and government bonds. Its 10-year bond rose close to 1% over 2025 and yielded over 2%.
🟢Investor note:
Japan’s policy normalisation marks a structural shift after decades of ultra-loose conditions. While higher rates pose risks to bonds and exporters, continued corporate reforms and improving capital discipline support selective opportunities in Japanese equities.
Summary for Investors –
Excluding Japan, we witnessed central banks ease policy in 2025, and the central banks’ messaging from December indicates that most of the easing is now behind us. The final month of the year showed a more nuanced market landscape where AI-related optimism and shifting monetary policy are pulling in different directions. While highly valued technology names in the US are facing greater scrutiny, renewed interest in global markets underscores that investors are looking beyond a narrow group of market leaders. Taken together, these developments suggest dispersion among regions, sectors and styles will remain elevated, favouring a more selective approach as we move into the new year.
November 2025
Global Equities –
While global equity markets eked out moderately positive gains in November, it was very much a month of two halves. Oscillating Federal Reserve (Fed) rate cut expectations and investors questioning lofty technology company valuations caused sharp equity market volatility during the month. This turbulence stabilised by month-end as expectations of a December rate cut rose. In the UK, Chancellor Rachel Reeves delivered her much anticipated budget, which included GBP 26 billion in tax increases, with markets rallying during the budget after overcoming initial concerns.
At the start of the month, markets viewed a December rate cut as unlikely. Subsequent communication from the Fed following the end of the longest US government shutdown in history reinforced this, as Fed Chairman Jerome Powell previously said that December rate cuts were “not a foregone conclusion.” This, coupled with doubts over Artificial Intelligence (AI) valuations, led to the biggest intra-day swing for the S&P 500 on 20 November since the six days of extreme market volatility following President Donald Trump’s Liberation Day tariffs in early April.
Equities recovered in subsequent days after earnings – the S&P 500 was flat in November, while the tech-heavy Nasdaq recovered some of its initial losses to finish November down just 1.4%. The Magnificent 7 fell 1.1%. But it is clear investors are becoming more discerning about these companies’ high valuations and persistently high margins. As such, we expect volatility will continue.
🟢 Investor note:
Equity markets remain highly sensitive to changes in interest-rate expectations and valuations within mega-cap tech. Investors should be prepared for continued volatility, maintain diversification, and emphasise quality companies with stable earnings and reasonable valuations.
Europe –
European equities meanwhile performed relatively better as signs of a peace deal in Ukraine progressed. The STOXX 600 rose 1% in the month, with most of the gains coming in the last week of the month following the announcement of a 28-point peace plan.
Nvidia, which has been the dominant chipmaker to some of the largest technology companies in the world, faced increased competition as Alphabet unveiled plans for the latest version of its AI model Gemini, powered by Alphabet’s own TPUs (Tensor Processing Unit) chips. Nvidia makes what are called GPUs (Graphics Processing Units), widely used in AI training broadly and Alphabet’s TPUs are used exclusively for AI calculations. GPUs are versatile tools used for many purposes, while TPUs are focused on AI tasks, and are generally faster and more energy-efficient for a specific job. While not an exact alternative to Nvidia chips, this has thrown another twist into the evolving AI landscape, particularly following a report that social media behemoth Meta, one of Nvidia’s largest customers, is said to be in talks with Alphabet about buying its chips. This news, coupled with Warren Buffett’s firm buying a near USD 5 billion stake in the Google-owner, sent the company’s share price soaring while Nvidia went in the other direction.
🔴 Investor note:
Competitive shifts within the AI semiconductor space may introduce new winners and losers. Investors should avoid over-concentration in single-name AI leaders and consider broader exposure across innovation-driven sectors that may benefit from diversification in chip technologies.
United Kingdom –
The Bank of England (BoE) opted to keep rates unchanged at 4% with a very narrow 5-4 split, marking the first deviation from its one-cut-per-quarter cycle. However, moderating inflation has buoyed confidence that the UK is past peak inflation, resulting in a December rate cut being priced in. However, the BoE was a sideshow to the main event in November, which was the highly anticipated budget. The process of getting the budget to the House of Commons was anything but smooth. An earlier speech by Reeves seemed to imply the Labour government was on track to break manifesto pledges by increasing income taxes which was subsequently quashed sending gilt yields higher at the start of the month.
However, by the time Reeves finally revealed the budget, the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) had accidentally released it early. The budget includes GBP 26 billion in tax rises on top of the GBP 40 billion of tax increases from the October 2024 budget. Notably, this budget was more backloaded, implying most of the tax increases will come into effect by the time of the next election in 2029. Despite this, the market reaction was broadly positive, largely because the headroom against the fiscal rules was larger than expected, although risks remain. Gilt yields fell back towards the end of the month at near unchanged levels, as concerns surrounding the policy flip-flopping eased. Sterling edged up after the budget.
🟠 Investor note:
UK assets may remain vulnerable to shifting fiscal policy and political uncertainty. Investors should monitor government communication closely, maintain a balanced exposure to gilts, and prioritise companies with resilient cashflows that can withstand slower domestic growth.
Asia –
Asian equities fell, due to a combination of US technology-induced volatility as well as concerns about a broader slowdown in the Chinese economy after data showed activity cooled more than expected. The Shanghai Composite dropped 1.6% in November, while Hong Kong’s Hang Seng was nearly flat. On the US trade deal front, the US exempted a range of agricultural goods, including coffee and tea, tropical fruits and fruit juices, and cocoa and spices from the 10% tariffs it had initially placed on China effective from 13 November.
In Japan, the government unveiled a large fiscal stimulus package, which pushed bond yields sharply higher. Ten-year Japanese government bond yields moved up 0.14% to 1.81%, levels not seen since 2008, while 30-year yields moved up to 3.34%, the biggest monthly jump since 2004, levels not seen since the maturity was first issued.5 The yen weakened against the dollar for the third consecutive month. After experiencing some volatility mid-month, the Topix rose 1.4%.
Bitcoin meanwhile was one of the worst performing assets last month, as the wider risk-off move drove a sharp sell-off. It fell 16.7% in November.
🟢Investor note:
Asia remains a region of diverging trends—China facing growth headwinds while Japan benefits from supportive fiscal policy. Selectivity is key: favour markets with clearer policy support and consider hedging currency risk, particularly against yen weakness and broader EM volatility.
Summary for Investors –
- Equities: November underscored how sensitive markets remain to shifting monetary policy expectations, technology-sector valuations and evolving geopolitical developments. While equity markets ultimately ended the month broadly unchanged, the volatility seen throughout highlights an environment still driven by rapid sentiment swings rather than clear economic direction.
- Europe: The STOXX 600 rose 1%, boosted by signs of a Ukraine peace deal. In the semiconductor space, Nvidia faced competitive pressures from Alphabet’s new AI-focused chips, highlighting the rapidly evolving AI landscape.
- United Kingdom: The BoE held rates at 4%, with markets anticipating a future rate cut amid moderating inflation. Chancellor Reeves’ GBP 26 billion tax increase budget was received positively, though political and fiscal policy risks remain.
- Asia: Markets were mixed—Chinese equities declined amid growth concerns, while Japan benefited from a large fiscal stimulus, pushing bond yields higher. The yen weakened, and Bitcoin fell sharply amid risk-off sentiment.
September 2025
Global Equities
Global stock markets delivered strong gains in September. Investor optimism was supported by robust corporate earnings and receding concerns about trade tariffs.
- US markets: The S&P 500 rose 3.6% and the Nasdaq gained 5.7%, both marking their third-best month of the year.
- China: Technology shares were particularly strong, with the Hang Seng TECH Index surging 14%, far outpacing the Shanghai Composite’s 0.8% rise.
- UK & Europe: Both regions ended higher — the FTSE 100 rose 1.8% and the STOXX 600 gained 1.5%, though gains were limited by political instability in France.
🟢 Investor note:
Equities broadly benefited from lower interest rate expectations and strong earnings growth. Technology remains a key driver of performance, particularly in Asia and the US.
United Kingdom
Central Banks and Interest Rates.
The Bank of England (BoE) held interest rates at 4%, after three earlier cuts this year. It also confirmed it will continue its “Quantitative Tightening” programme — reducing the stock of bonds it owns by allowing them to mature or selling them directly, targeting a £70 billion reduction.
The BoE is balancing efforts to control inflation and avoid market disruption that could raise borrowing costs.
With inflation still elevated — particularly food inflation following earlier increases in National Insurance Contributions — markets expect the BoE to keep rates steady for the rest of 2025, pending the Chancellor’s November Budget.
🟠 Investor note:
A pause in rate cuts suggests the BoE wants more clarity on inflation before acting further. Bond investors may expect stability in short-term gilt yields, but longer-term rates remain sensitive to fiscal policy.
United States
The Federal Reserve (Fed) cut rates by 0.25% in September — the first cut this year — and signalled the possibility of further reductions before year-end. However, internal divisions emerged within the Fed, as some policymakers, including new appointee Stephen Miran, pushed for deeper cuts (up to 0.5%). The move followed political pressure from President Trump, reigniting concerns over the Fed’s independence. At month-end, a US government shutdown over budget disagreements added uncertainty, delaying important economic data releases.
🟢Investor note:
Lower US rates tend to support equities and bonds, particularly growth sectors such as technology. However, political interference and fiscal uncertainty could increase volatility.
Europe
The European Central Bank (ECB) kept its deposit rate at 2%, despite inflation ticking up to 2.2%, the highest in five months, mainly due to higher services and energy costs.
In France, political turmoil added pressure to markets:
- Prime Minister François Bayrou lost a confidence vote after proposing €44 billion in budget cuts.
- France’s debt now stands at €3.3 trillion, one of the highest in Europe.
- Fitch downgraded France’s credit rating from AA- to A+, pushing 30-year French bond yields up to 4.35%. Yields also rose in Germany (3.28%) and UK gilts (5.51%), reflecting broader nervousness in European bond markets.
🔴 Investor note:
Rising bond yields indicate falling prices — a challenge for bondholders, though potentially an opportunity for new investors locking in higher long-term returns.
Japan
Japanese equities rallied sharply, with the Topix Index gaining 11% in September. The market was boosted by optimism ahead of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) leadership election, which could bring policy changes in fiscal spending and monetary management.
Meanwhile, the Bank of Japan (BoJ) announced plans to sell some of its ETF holdings, signalling a gradual shift away from its ultra-loose monetary stance. Government bond yields, however, continued to move higher.
🟢 Investor note:
Japan’s shift away from ultra-low rates may strengthen the yen over time, but short-term market movements will remain linked to domestic political outcomes.
Summary for Investors
- Equities: Strong month globally, led by tech and US stocks.
- Bonds: Stabilised after earlier weakness, but European yields rose due to political risk.
- Central Banks: The Fed cut rates; the BoE and ECB held steady; Japan hinted at gradual policy change.
- Key Risks: Political instability (US shutdown, France), inflation uncertainty, and diverging central bank policies.
If you’d like to review past market commentaries you can see them here.
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